PHI 208 PHI208 FINAL EXAM (DECEMBER 2018) - ASHFORD
Ashford PHI 208 Final Exam (December 2018)
1. What hypothetical scenario does the author use to highlight the difficulties of separating moral reasoning and everyday practical reasoning?
2. The word “philosophy” literally means “love of ________.”
3. According to the text, from a philosophical standpoint all intentional human action can be broken down into three parts. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
4. During the Las Vegas massacre, there were people at an outdoor concert who risked their lives to help total strangers. When interviewed later, their common response was, “It was the right thing to do.” What is the term for this kind of deep-down sense of what is good and right?
5. Dunia thinks that in her society, it is appropriate for women to dress a certain way. But she doubts that those standards can be defended in a way that would apply to other societies different from hers. What is the best term for Dunia’s perspective?
6. In Plato’s Republic, what service does Glaukon do for Socrates?
7. The text uses the metaphor of a house to explain the relationship between metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Which part of the house represents normative ethics?
8. Nafi, a cultural anthropologist, believes that at least some moral truths are independent of the values and beliefs of any particular culture or individual. What is the term for Nafi’s belief?
9. Samara is considering how she should handle the fact that her employer overpaid her on her last check. Should she say something? Will she have to give the money back? Will her employer find out, and if so, is it better if Samara raises the issue first? These issues with which Samara is grappling are best described as ___________ judgments.
10. Cultural relativism implies that cultures are isolated from each other. Challenging that assumption, philosopher Mary Midgley says, “all cultures are formed out of many streams.” What does Midgley mean by this?
11. The author suggests that a statement like, “Who am I to judge what is right or wrong for someone else?” MOST often implies that
12. Jessie tells Adam, “Murder is wrong, no matter what beliefs or traditions a culture has.” Jessie’s idea is an example of
13. All of the following are common features of skepticism EXCEPT:
14. Among the following scenarios, which is MOST likely to be morally right according to utilitarianism
15. Which of the following statements is a common misconception about utilitarian philosophy?
16. What is the BEST meaning of the term “the irreducible plurality of values”?
17. Who is considered the father of utilitarianism?
18. What does the utilitarian mean by the term “wrong actions”?
19. Utilitarianism is a form of what broader ethical theory?
20. Why does Mill call utilitarianism a “more profoundly religious [doctrine] than any other”?
21. What did John Stuart Mill believe about those who sacrifice their own happiness for that of others?
22. According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account the happiness of
23. Lois considers herself an act utilitarian. Accordingly, which of the following statements is Lois MOST likely to make?
24. Utilitarianism and consequentialism more broadly are ethical theories that __________.
25. According to Mill, how can we determine the difference between higher and lower pleasures?
26. According to John Stuart Mill, what is the ultimate purpose of everything we do?
27. A deontological moral theory regards the morality of actions as
28. In 2012, sports fans were saddened and outraged to learn that cycling superstar Lance Armstrong had used illegal performance-enhancing drugs for years. A deontologist would say that his actions were wrong because they
29. What is the primary reason for conducting Kant’s “universalization test”?
30. According to Kant, what is the PRIMARY moral problem with making a false promise?
31. Which of these statements is one way to express Kant’s Categorical Imperative?
32. What is the most accurate term for the rules and regulations expressed in the
33. With which of the following statements would an Aristotelian most AGREE? United Nations’ Declaration of Human Rights?
34. Immanuel Kant claims that the only thing that is moral without qualification is __________.
35. What does Kant mean when he uses “humanity” in the moral sense?
36. Professor Donovan is a Kantian philosopher. Therefore, she argues that the true value of “a good will” lies in
37. According to deontological ethics, duties are
38. How would a deontologist respond to the fact that human rights advocates often peacefully protest or even break civil laws that they think are unjust?
39. Kantian theory says that people have a __________ duty to cultivate their talents.
40. One of the fundamental questions asked by virtue ethicists is
41. In The Nicomachean Ethics, how does Aristotle begin his inquiry into ethics?
Question 42
No comments:
Post a Comment